Computer science vs computer engineering: An international student guide

Computer science originates from mathematics and refers to the study of computers and computing systems, including hardware, software, and other components. Computer science is more of a theoretical discipline, focusing on computing theories, information theories, and automation. Computer science is primarily concerned with the theory, design, and application of software systems. It lays the foundation for software development, powering everything from mobile apps to complex data analytics systems. Computer scientists are involved in designing software systems, machine learning algorithms, encryption solutions, data transfers, and more.

In CS, you learn how data is structured, how algorithms are designed, and how systems are built to solve problems efficiently. You will also learn coding, software development, and data science. In short, computer science teaches how to think logically, solve complex problems, and design systems that can automate real-world, repetitive tasks. Whether it is creating a mobile app, developing a search engine, or building a secure e-commerce platform, computer science provides the theoretical foundation and practical skills necessary for building such solutions.

What is computer engineering?

Computer engineering is a field derived from electrical engineering and emphasises practical aspects of computing. This field focuses on computer design, development, computing networks, hardware and software systems, as well as programming languages and computer architecture. Computer engineers handle firmware, hardware and software, and design interfaces. They integrate software and hardware, working with other computing components such as memory chips and output devices. They also develop the firmware and hardware for many applications and devices, including robots. Essentially, computer engineers provide the designed technology that allows the software systems and data designed by computer scientists to operate.

What are the key differences between computer science and computer engineering?

At fist glance computer science and computer engineering appear very similar with many overlapping areas. While both are technical fields designed around digital technology, the focus areas and skill sets are different. Some of the important differences between the two include:

What do you study during a computer science or computer engineering degree?

Both computer science and computer engineering degrees take three to four years to complete. Some qualifications may offer specialist streams, such as cybersecurity, software engineering or cloud computing, in the case of computer science. While there will be some differences with these specialisations, generally you can expect to study some core modules and standard curriculum areas.

What you study for computer science

Some of the core subjects and areas that you will study in a computer science qualification include:

• Programming and programming languages
• Computational mathematics
• Computational theory
• Software security
• Computer networks
• Operating systems
• Algorithms
• Data structures
• Calculus
• Linear algebra
• Web development
• Cryptography
• Databases
• Statistics, Probability

What you study for computer engineering

The curriculum of computer engineering may cover but is not limited to:

• Electronics and processors
• Programming fundamentals
• Signal processing
• Engineering, mobile and medical image computing
• Computer, operating, control, database management and network systems
• Computer hardware and components
• Network architecture, management and security
• Robotics and cybernetics
• Computer architecture
• Artificial intelligence
• Computer graphics, imaging

What career and job opportunities are there for graduates?

Career prospects for computer science and computer engineering graduates are strong, especially with a degree from a renowned institution. This can open global opportunities across sectors, notably in information technology. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the computer and information technology sectors are growing rapidly, with jobs in these fields expected to increase by 15 per cent by 2031. Jobs in computer science are projected to rise by 16 per cent by 2028, while computer engineering jobs should increase by six per cent. Graduates may work in sectors as diverse as healthcare, finance, consultancy and education.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average pay for computer science graduates in the U.S. is USD 140,000 per annum. Typical career paths for computer science graduates include:

• Computer scientist
• Software programmer
• Computer programmer
• Computer support specialist
• Web designer/developer
• Data scientist
• Java developer
• Business analyst
• Information security analyst
• Database administrator
• Systems analyst
• AI research scientist

According to Indeed, the average salaries for computer engineering graduates range between USD 52,466 and USD 124,412 per annum. Some career pathways students choose include:

• Computer engineer
• Computer architect
• Systems engineer/architect
• Network architect/engineer
• Computer architecture developer
• Firmware engineer
• Network systems administrator
• Game developer
• Quality control engineer

What skills do you need to succeed in each field?

Computer science and computer engineering are technology-intensive; students will need an understanding of mathematics, physics and technology to pursue these. In general, you must demonstrate the following skills:

• Critical and analytical thinking
• Problem-solving
• Coding and logic
• Technical writing
• Creativity
• Detail-oriented
• Collaboration
• Patience

Specialist skills needed for computer science

Computer science students must have the following technical skills to succeed:

• Technology and computer know-how
• Programming languages like Java, C++, Python, SQL, etc.
• Software development methodologies like Agile, Rapid Application Development (RAD), DevOps, etc
• Data analysis
• Data structures and algorithm knowledge
• Solid mathematical skills in linear algebra, statistics, and probability
• Database management

Specialist skills needed for computer engineering

Computer engineering students must demonstrate the following key skills to succeed:

• Programming languages like Assembly, Perl, etc.
• Knowledge of networking
• Electrical engineering principles
• Good knowledge of computer hardware and software
• Strong mathematical skills
• Software engineering skills like design, coding, and testing
• Problem-solving skills
• Communication skills

Where can you study computer science abroad?

Some of the top-ranked universities in the world offer undergraduates and postgraduate courses in computer science. This includes both Russell Group and Ivy League Institutions. Institutions where you can pursue a degree in computer science include:

Check out more universities abroad that offer computer science courses.

Where can you study a computer engineering degree abroad?

Some of the most popular universities that offer courses in computer engineering, include:

Discover more universities abroad that offer computer engineering courses.

Which should you choose between computer science and computer engineering?

When selecting which of the two degrees you wish to study, it is important to establish your goals and priorities for studying. These are a few simple steps you can take:

1. Evaluate your interests and aptitude.
2. Decide whether you prefer to focus on research and theory or more hands-on outcomes-based learning.
3. Research degree curricula and structures to see if there are specialisations that interest you.
4. Consider your career goals, where you would like to work, what it would involve and your salary expectations.
5. Speak with prospective universities, alumni or even an education counsellor to refine your thinking and decision-making.

Computer science may be a better fit if you’re fascinated by theory and research. It'll give you a broader perspective in areas like software development, algorithms, data analysis, artificial intelligence, machine learning, or cybersecurity. This is ideal for those who enjoy abstract thinking, problem-solving, coding, analysing, and researching.

On the other hand, if you love to build stuff and enjoy a hands-on approach, computer engineering is for you. You will get to work with hardware systems, embedded devices, circuit design, large machines, microprocessors and other systems. This field is suited for those who are eager to work at the intersection of hardware and software by building computers and other systems.

Computer science and computer engineering are both challenging, engaging and rewarding study paths. Choosing one of the other will come down to your personal preference and interests. In addition, because of the crossover between the two disciplines, many transferable skills increase your employability and career prospects.